The earth is divided into lots of lines called Latitude and Longitude. Latitude goes east and west and longitude goes north and south. These lines are measured in degrees. A line that goes around the earth latitude is called the Equator. The Prime Meridian is a line that goes around the earth longitude. The Equator is 0 degrees latitude and the Prime Meridian is 0 degrees longitude. The Equator and the Prime Meridian divide the world into 4 hemispheres. Hemisphere means ½ a sphere (hemi = ½, sphere = 3D circle). The 4 hemispheres are: Northern hemisphere, Southern hemisphere, Western hemisphere, and Eastern hemisphere.
There are also Scales and Compass Rose on a map. Because maps are shrunken so many times compared to the real earth, there is a scale to show distances from one place to another. About 1 inch on map = 1 mile on Earth. A compass rose shows cardinal directions: North, East, South, West, and intermediate directions: Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest. There are 24 time zones per day. Each place has a different time zone.
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